![]() ![]() ![]() There are specific features of GIS software to calculate spatial energy intensity, and identify potential sites or land constraints, as well as numerous tools for 2-D solar-radiation calculation and many are available online. Carbon fixing is one very important result of this process and has been a critical topic of investigation in the past years. This energy (which can be expressed as a function of the wavelength, i.e., E = f(λ)) reaches the Earth’s surface and is available for primary processes, i.e., photosynthesis, which is responsible for the primary production in the food-chain and thus is responsible for life itself. The atmosphere acts as a filter with different degrees of abatement of the energy ( i.e., transmissivity of the atmosphere) at different wavelengths (λ) depending on the percentage of distribution of gases, temperature and pressure see for more details on physical laws regarding this aspect. Recent estimation of the mean value of solar radiation reaching the top of atmosphere (ToA) was carried out by the WRC (World Radiation Center) in Davos–Switzerland, with a value of 1367 W/m 2. A broad spectrum of wavelengths reaches the atmosphere with a certain energy content. Of the many aspects that make up our environment, the incoming energy (E) from the Sun is without doubt of primary importance. As a matter of fact a significant part of the error budget is due to erroneous panel positioning and orientation, or entirely failing to take into account sources of obstruction, near (e.g., neighboring edifices, trees) or far (e.g., morphology of terrain) repositioning of panels, when possible, is quite expensive. A careful simulation in this sense would allow better planning and optimization and would also reduce expenses and probability of errors. ![]() For this reason it is valuable to accurately evaluate the potential amount of average energy reaching the spots where such panels are, or will be, installed. Technology has advanced dramatically, improving the efficiency of solar cells capturing incoming energy from light, and having accurate information on the amount of usable solar energy, is of primary importance. Solar energy is intrinsically of primary importance for life, but also is important in terms of its capability as a source of renewable energy in our highly (and increasingly) energy-demanding societies. The importance of visual representation of modelled dynamics is just as important as analyzing them, as discussed by. These can be used without any restrictions by researchers to implement dedicated tools to study the numerous inter-linked dynamics that concur to shape our planet’s ecology. The scope of NASA WW is not only to provide means for virtual representation of reality through the web and the media, but also to integrate re-usable functions and modules for scientific modelling and analysis. To this date, the main elevation data source is the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) which delivers elevation in 90 m cells averaged from the original 30 m data ad hoc Java classes allow the implementation of specific DTMs in order to provide a more accurate model of earth ground elevation data. It implements a virtual globe, which is based on the nominal radius of the Earth and augmented with elevation data to implement a digital terrain elevation model (DTM) from available sources. NASA WW is developed using Java programming language and provides a software development kit (SDK) for desktop operating systems and for Android. NASA World Wind (NASA WW) provides open source client and server technologies, based on open standards, to access models of planet Earth, as well as of other planets. ![]()
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